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A part of the Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands from 1871, Antigua and Barbuda joined the West Indies Federation in 1958. Great Britain colonized Antigua in 1632 and Barbuda in 1678.

In 1493, Christopher Columbus surveyed the island of Antigua, which he named for the Church of Santa María La Antigua. John's, Antigua, is the country's capital, major city, and largest port. The permanent population is approximately 97,120 (2019 estimates), with 97% residing in Antigua. The country consists of two major islands, Antigua and Barbuda, which are approximately 40 km (20 mi) apart, and several smaller islands, including Great Bird, Green, Guiana, Long, Maiden, Prickly Pear, York, and Redonda. It lies at the conjuncture of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles. b ɑːr ˈ b j uː d ə/) is a sovereign island country in the West Indies. Īntigua and Barbuda ( UK: / æ n ˈ t iː ɡ ə .

The English language is the only one used in legislation, decrees, resolutions, official documents, and public acts although not declared official de jure, this makes it the country's sole "working language" in accordance with the constitution.